Difficult Times Demand Deeper Understanding of Suffering, New Research Moves Beyond Optimism and Pessimism
A new research initiative led by Sami Pihlström is challenging conventional ways of understanding suffering by moving beyond both optimism and pessimism. Funded under the Research Council of Finland Centre of Excellence programme, the eight-year project (2026–2033) explores how individuals and societies interpret and respond to suffering.
The project introduces “meliorism” as a guiding concept—positioned between optimism and pessimism—emphasising that while improvement is possible, it is never guaranteed. It also draws on “antitheodicy,” rejecting the assumption that all suffering must have meaning or justification. Researchers argue that attempts to rationalise suffering can be ethically problematic, particularly in extreme cases.
Bringing together multidisciplinary perspectives, the Centre examines suffering through philosophy, religion, ethics, and literature. By encouraging more responsible attitudes, the project aims to reshape ethical thinking and promote constructive human action in addressing adversity in both personal and societal contexts.
